***BLOG SPOT FOR WEEK OF 2/15/10 (due thurs 2/18)*** Blog question under this one is due thursday 2/11!
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Choose a specific type of cancer and give the following information:
-Body system affected
- Causes/risk factors
- Diagnosis- how does a doctor determine a patient has the disease?
- Treatment options
- Prognosis- what is the future outcome for the patient?
Each student must choose a different cancer so be sure to check other responses before including your own. Pay special attention to risk factors (many can be easily avoided!). Include your name at the end of you post.
30 comments:
-Cancer Type: Breast Cancer
-Body system affected: Its surrounding areas (i.e. Lungs, bones, liver.)
- Causes/risk factors: Cause is unknown. But some risk factors are smoking, drinking and a person's diet. But as well as age, race or family's history.
- Diagnosis: Typically a lump feels different from the rest of the breast tissue.
- Treatment options: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, and Biological Therapy
- Prognosis:About 88% of women diagnosed with breast cancer will survive at least 10 years.
~Vivian Luk
Cancer Type, Lung Cancer.
Body System it affects: Lungs
Diagnosis:The history and physical examination may reveal the presence of symptoms or signs that are suspicious for lung cancer. In addition to asking about symptoms and risk factors for cancer development such as smoking, doctors may detect signs of breathing difficulties, airway obstruction, or infections in the lungs. Cyanosis, a bluish color of the skin and the mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood, suggests compromised function due to chronic disease of the lung. Likewise, changes in the tissue of the nail beds, known as clubbing, also may indicate chronic lung disease.
Treatment:Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy,Prophylactic brain radiation,Treatment of recurrence,Targeted therapy.
Prognosis:The prognosis of lung cancer refers to the chance for cure or prolongation of life (survival) and is dependent upon where the cancer is located, the size of the cancer, the presence of symptoms, the type of lung cancer, and the overall health status of the patient.
Erica Vignola
*~~~OVARIAN CANCER~~~*
BODY SYSTEM AFFECTED:
Ovaries
CAUSES/RISK FACTORS:
The cause is unknown. You're at a higher risk if your older, if you take an estrogen replacement for 5 years or more or if you have family/personal history or breast or ovarian cancer. The risk is lower if you take birth control pills.
DIAGNOSIS:
A physical examination can reveal a swollen abdomen and fluid in the abdominal cavity. A pelvic examination can reveal an ovarian or abdominal mass. Lab tests such as Alpha fetoprotein, Blood chemistry, CA125, CBC, Quantitative serum HCG or urinalysis may be done. Imaging tests such as an Abdominal CT scan or MRI of the abdomen, GI series or an Ultrasound can be done. Lab and imaging tests have never been able to diagnose ovarian cancer in early stages.
TREATMENT OPTIONS:
Surgery such as removal of the uterus, removal of the fallopian tubes and both ovaries, partial or complete removal of the omentum and examination, biopsy, or removal of the lymph nodes and other tissues in the pelvis and abdomen. Chemotherapy is used after surgery to kill any of the remaining disease.
PROGNOSIS:
Most women die a year after diagnosis while some live longer than five years after diagnosis. If the person is diagnosed and treated before the cancer spreads outside of the ovaries the chances of living more than five years afterwords is higher.
Sarah Woode
cancer: skin cancer
body systems affect: Different layers of skin, and skin all over teh body may be affected
causes/risk factors: can be caused by too much time in the sun,unusually high level of x-rays, and exposure to certain chemicals
Diagnosis: it is first detected through a skin self-examination, but the only way to be sure is to perform a biopsy
Treatment: freezing, Excisional surgery, laser therapy, radiation therapy, and more
prognosis: about 85-95% of patients are cured, but for some it spreads to uch and becomes incurable
Kristen Greene
Cancer Type - Retinoblastoma
Body System Affected - In the tissues of the retina
Diagnosis - A examination can reveal if you have it. Or sometimes if the child pupil's white
Treatment options - Using laser lights, Freezing the tumor
Ultrasound, microwaves or infrared radiation, Surgery and Radiotherapy
Future outcome - the treatment is mostly a success. 9 out of 10 patients survive.
Cancer type: Prostate Cancer
Body systems affected: Your prostate, a male reproductive gland.
Diagnostics: Biopsy of the prostate to check for cancerous cells.
Treatment options: Either surgery or radiation treatment.
Prognosis: Depends on the stage and grade of the cancer.
-Cancer type : Leukemia
-Body systems affected: Leukemia cells can collect in many different parts of the body, such as the brain, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, digestive tract, kidneys, lungs, eyes, and skin. Effects basically every tissue site.
-Causes/risk factors: As with other cancers, smoking is considered a risk factor for leukemia, but many people who develop leukemia have never smoked. •Prolonged exposure to radiation is a risk factor
=Diagnosis: Once the physician suspects leukemia, blood and bone marrow tests are performed to rule out leukemia
-Treatments: he most widely used anti-leukemic treatment is chemotherapy, that is, the use of powerful drugs to kill leukemia cells.
-Prognosis: 68.2% of people who get this cancer die. This year this was about 31,000 cases of people who had leukemia and about 21,000 people died.
Brain Cancer
area affected: in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland
Causes/Risk Factors:Large tumors or tumors with extensive perifocal swelling edema inevitably lead to elevated intracranial pressure (intracranial hypertension), which translates clinically into headaches, vomiting (sometimes without nausea), altered state of consciousness, brain damage, death
Diagnosis:Typically feel a bump on the head and further go to have it cat-skanned
Treatment Options: Although there is no generally accepted therapeutic management for primary brain tumors, a surgical attempt at tumor removal or at least cytoreduction (that is, removal of as much tumor as possible, in order to reduce the number of tumor cells available for proliferation) is considered in most cases.; Surgical Removal
Prognosis:In the US, about 2000 children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with malignant brain tumors each year. Higher incidence rates were reported in 1975–83 than in 1985–94. There is some debate as to the reasons; one theory is that the trend is the result of improved diagnosis and reporting, since the jump occurred at the same time that MRIs became available widely, and there was no coincident jump in mortality.
Brain Cancer
area affected: in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland
Causes/Risk Factors:Large tumors or tumors with extensive perifocal swelling edema inevitably lead to elevated intracranial pressure (intracranial hypertension), which translates clinically into headaches, vomiting (sometimes without nausea), altered state of consciousness, brain damage, death
Diagnosis:Typically feel a bump on the head and further go to have it cat-skanned
Treatment Options: Although there is no generally accepted therapeutic management for primary brain tumors, a surgical attempt at tumor removal or at least cytoreduction (that is, removal of as much tumor as possible, in order to reduce the number of tumor cells available for proliferation) is considered in most cases.; Surgical Removal
Prognosis:In the US, about 2000 children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with malignant brain tumors each year. Higher incidence rates were reported in 1975–83 than in 1985–94. There is some debate as to the reasons; one theory is that the trend is the result of improved diagnosis and reporting, since the jump occurred at the same time that MRIs became available widely, and there was no coincident jump in mortality.
- Lymphona: affects the lymphnodes.
- They are not sure yet how it is coused yet it could be hereditery.
- By taking tests.
- chemo theropy,radiation, and surgery.
- fatality, or or being cured.
- Cancer Type: Carcinoid Cancer
- Body system affected: Apendix, small intestine, rectum, and bronchus. Sometimes (less often) on pancreas.
- Causes/risk factors:Cause is that Carcinoid tumors overproduce. 2 risk factors are the race( African American) and stomach problems.
- Diagnosis: Doctors can see you flush without sweat and if you have diarreah during the night. (those are 2 main ways doctors can diagnos this).
- Treatmeant Options: Chemotherapy or removing the tumor through surgery
- Prognosis: The patient can live up to 5 years at the least, depending on how quickly the cancer spreads.
.Carly Greer
Cancer Type: Colon Cancer
Body System Affected: Digestive System
Risk Factors: over 50 years old, have a family history of cancer, personal history of cancer in other places,a history of polyps in the colon, ulcers in the lining of the large intestine, and other hereditary conditions.
Diagnosis: a physical exam, a blood test, a colonoscopy, or a biopsy to check for sighns of cancer.
Treatment Options: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or biological therapy.
Prognosis: the chance of survival depens on the patients age, general health, and response to treatment.
Megan Corey
-Cancer Type: Liver cancer
The tissue of the liver
Causes:chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholism, and cirrhosis
Diagnose:abnormal blood tests
Treatment: surgeries or kemotherapy or liver transplant
Throat cancer
Body system affected- Throat
Causes- smoking/excessive use of alcohol
Diagnosis-The sputum may appear bloody a lump may appear on the outside of the neck.
Treatment- they completely remove the cancer before it can spread
Prognosis-Throat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer has spread to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.
(fun fact thats not really fun)- George Karl coach of the Denver nuggets was recently diagnosed with lung cancer.
Matthew Ferguson
Head and Neck Cancer
Cancer affects- nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat, or larynx
Causes- Smoking cigarettes and alcohol
Diagnosis- the doctor will find a lump or sore (for example, in the mouth) that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, and difficulty swallowing
Treatment- Surgery or radiation therapy
Prognosis- you will need follow up treatments.
Erin G.
Cancer: Lung Cancer.
Body System: Lungs
Diagnosis:Some risks are smoking, doctors may detect signs of breathing difficulties, airway obstruction, or infections in the lungs and throat. It changes in the tissue, indicating chronic lung disease.
Treatment:Surgery,Radiation,
Treatment of recurrence,Targeted therapy.
Prognosis: It depends where the cancer is located, the size of the cancer. The presence of symptoms, the type of lung cancer, and the overall health status of the patient.
Alexa Bertolini
Melenoma is a form of cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin). It may begin in a mole (skin melanoma), but can also begin in other pigmented tissues, such as in the eye or in the intestines. Treatment includes chemo and radition therapy or surgery.
Cancer type: Pancreatic Cancer
Affected body system: Pancreas
Causes/Risks: Age, alcohol, smoking, obesity family history, diets low in vegetables and fruits and high in red meat
Diagnosis: Pain in the upper abdomen and can have a liver function test can show some results.
Treatment options: Surgery, chemotherapy
Prognosis: Usually, the cancer has no early symptoms so the prognosis can be difficult. Median survival from diagnosis is around 3 to 6 months; 5-year survival is less than 5%.
Nick Lin
Cancer Type: Bone Cancer
Body System Affected: Bones and joints
Causes and Risk Factors: There is no known causes or risk factors for this particular cancer. All that is known is that there is a small amount of people who get it genetically.
Diagnosis: The doctor will give you an x ray to check the area of swelling, if tumor is found then they determine that you have bone cancer. Also you can be given a blood test to measure the levels of a substance called alkaline phosphatase.
Treatment: Biologic Therapy, Surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.
Prognosis: The outcome all depends on:
* The type and location of the cancer
* The stage of the disease (the extent to which the cancer has metastasized, or spread)
* Its grade (how abnormal the cancer cells look and how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread)
* The person's age, general health, and response to treatment.
Tongue Cancer
Causes/Risk Factors: The causes of tongue cancer is unknown, but people who use alcohol and tobacco are more likely to get it. Tongue cancer occurs more in people over the age of 40. Men are twice as likely to get tongue cancer. Poor oral hygene is also a risk factor.
Diagnosis: Lumps, white spots, and ulcers are on the tongue. Then,doctors could take a biopsy of the tongue to determine if it is cancer.
Treatment Options:surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.
Prognosis: About 23.2 percent of patients die of tongue cancer.
Dan-anh Tran
Bladder Cancer
Body System:Cancer forms in the tissue of the bladder.
Causes/risk factors:Smoking.
Being exposed to certain substances at work, such as rubber, certain dyes and textiles, paint, and hairdressing supplies.
A diet high in fried meats and fat.
Being older, male, or white.
Diagnosis:Tests that examine the urine, vagina, or rectum are used to help detect (find) and diagnose bladder cancer, For example a cat scan, or urinalysis may be used.
Treatment options:Chemotherapy, if caught early enough it can usually be cured.
Prognosis:if caught early enough, the patient usually lives.
Jamie Bresnahan
Breast Cancer
Body systems affected = upper torso liver lungs
Cause is unknown but the risk factors are very very high.
Diagnoisis- starts as a small lump in the breast area
Treatment options- surgery radation therepy, biological Therapy
Prognosis- ten years is the average life of women that have been diagnosed with this
Gallbladder Caner
-The Gall bladder
- having gall stones in your gall bladder can cause this type of cancer.
- By the symptoms. usually vomiting and shrap pains.
- Going to the hospital and having the stones removed.
Kidney Cancer
-surrounding areas
- Dialysis treatment
Family history of the disease
Genetics
Smoking
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
- Abdominal CT scan
Complete blood count (CBC)
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Liver function tests
Renal arteriography
Serum calcium
Ultrasound of the abdomen and kidney
Urine cytology
Urine test (urinalysis)
- Surgical removal of all or part of the kidney, A cure is unlikely unless all of the cancer is removed with surgery.
- The outcome depends on how much the cancer has spread and how well it responds to treatment.
Shannon Scibor
-Body system affected:
Anus
- Causes/risk factors:
# infection of HPV virus
# receiving anal intercourse
# abnormal openings in or around the anus (fistulas)
# having multiple sexual partners
# being over 50 years of age
# anal swelling, redness or soreness that occurs frequently
- Diagnosis:
* lumps or bumps located near the anus
* anal bleeding or bleeding during bowel movements
* anal discharge
* pain in or around the anus
* itchy sensation around or inside the anus
* change in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea and the thinning of the stools
- Treatment options:
chemotherapy
- Prognosis- what is the future outcome for the patient:it is estimated that over 600 people will die of anal cancer this year.
~Melanie Horne
Cancer type: Lung cancer
It affects the lungs.
Well the risk factors are obviusley smoking.
Radiation and can remove growth
Lung cancer causes many deaths
cancer type: testicular cancer
body system:reproductive
cause:unknown
diagnosis: the most common is an enlargement of the testes or a mass is in the way.
treatment: the 3 most common ways to treat testicular cancer is surgery,chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
prognosis: about 90% of males with testicular cancer live unless it goes untreated. testicular cancer is the highest cancer surviver rate.
Gastric Cancer
Starts in the stomach
adenocarcinoma starts in one cell of the stomach and starts mutations,may be caused by infections of the stomach.
doctors take a blood count as a check for anemia, biopsies, stool tests to determine if the patient has gastric cancer.
It may be found early if screened properly, and the patients may survive.
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